## Apache Synapse

## Apache Synapse ESB - Extending Synapse

Apache Synapse provides a number of extension points so that users can plug-in custom developed code to extend the functionality of the ESB. While the built-in mediators are sufficient to implement most integration scenarios, sometimes it is very helpful to be able to deploy some custom code into the service bus and make the solution simpler. Most Synapse APIs are in Java and therefore the users looking to extend Synapse are expected to have a decent knowledge and experience in Java programming.

## Writing custom Mediator implementations

The primary interface of the Synapse API is the MessageContext interface defined below. This essentially defines the per-message context passed through the chain of mediators, for each and every message received and processed by Synapse. Each message instance is wrapped within a MessageContext instance, and the message context is set with the references to the SynapseConfiguration and SynapseEnvironment objects. The SynapseConfiguration object holds the global configuration model that defines mediation rules, local registry entries and other and configuration, while the SynapseEnvironment object gives access to the underlying SOAP implementation used - Axis2. A typical mediator would need to manipulate the MessageContext by referring to the SynapseConfiguration. However, it is strongly recommended that the SynapseConfiguration is not updated by mediator instances as it is shared by all messages, and may be updated by Synapse administration or configuration modules. Mediator instances may store local message properties into the MessageContext for later retrieval by successive mediators.

#### MessageContext Interface

package org.apache.synapse; import ... public interface MessageContext { /** * Get a reference to the current SynapseConfiguration * * @return the current synapse configuration */ public SynapseConfiguration getConfiguration(); /** * Set or replace the Synapse Configuration instance to be used. May be used to * programmatically change the configuration at runtime etc. * * @param cfg The new synapse configuration instance */ public void setConfiguration(SynapseConfiguration cfg); /** * Returns a reference to the host Synapse Environment * @return the Synapse Environment */ public SynapseEnvironment getEnvironment(); /** * Sets the SynapseEnvironment reference to this context * @param se the reference to the Synapse Environment */ public void setEnvironment(SynapseEnvironment se); /** * Get the value of a custom (local) property set on the message instance * @param key key to look up property * @return value for the given key */ public Object getProperty(String key); /** * Set a custom (local) property with the given name on the message instance * @param key key to be used * @param value value to be saved */ public void setProperty(String key, Object value); /** * Returns the Set of keys over the properties on this message context * @return a Set of keys over message properties */ public Set getPropertyKeySet(); /** * Get the SOAP envelope of this message * @return the SOAP envelope of the message */ public SOAPEnvelope getEnvelope(); /** * Sets the given envelope as the current SOAPEnvelope for this message * @param envelope the envelope to be set * @throws org.apache.axis2.AxisFault on exception */ public void setEnvelope(SOAPEnvelope envelope) throws AxisFault; /** * SOAP message related getters and setters */ public ....get/set()... }

The MessageContext interface is based on the Axis2 MessageContext interface, and uses the Axis2 EndpointReference and SOAPEnvelope classes/interfaces. The purpose of this interface is to capture a message as it flows through the system. As you will see the message payload is represented using the SOAP infoset. Binary messages can be embedded in the Envelope using MTOM or SwA attachments using the AXIOM object model.

#### Mediator interface

The second key interface for mediator writers is the Mediator interface:

package org.apache.synapse; import org.apache.synapse.MessageContext; /** * All Synapse mediators must implement this Mediator interface. As a message passes * through the synapse system, each mediator's mediate() method is invoked in the * sequence/order defined in the SynapseConfiguration. */ public interface Mediator { /** * Invokes the mediator passing the current message for mediation. Each * mediator performs its mediation action, and returns true if mediation * should continue, or false if further mediation should be aborted. * * @param synCtx the current message for mediation * @return true if further mediation should continue */ public boolean mediate(MessageContext synCtx); /** * This is used for debugging purposes and exposes the type of the current * mediator for logging and debugging purposes * @return a String representation of the mediator type */ public String getType(); }

A mediator can read and/or modify the message encapsulated in the MessageContext in any suitable manner - adjusting the routing headers or changing the message body. If the mediate() method returns false, it signals to the Synapse processing model to stop further processing of the message. For example, if the mediator is a security agent it may decide that this message is dangerous and should not be processed further. This is generally the exception as mediators are usually designed to co-operate to rocess the message onwards.

### Leaf and Node Mediators, List mediators and Filter mediators

Mediators may be Node mediators (i.e. these that can contain child mediators) or Leaf mediators (mediators that does not hold any other child mediators). A Node mediator must implement the org.apache.synapse.mediators.ListMediator interface listed below, or extend from the org.apache.synapse.mediators.AbstractListMediator.

#### The ListMediator interface

package org.apache.synapse.mediators; import java.util.List; /** * The List mediator executes a given sequence/list of child mediators */ public interface ListMediator extends Mediator { /** * Appends the specified mediator to the end of this mediator's (children) list * @param m the mediator to be added * @return true (as per the general contract of the Collection.add method) */ public boolean addChild(Mediator m); /** * Appends all of the mediators in the specified collection to the end of this mediator's (children) * list, in the order that they are returned by the specified collection's iterator * @param c the list of mediators to be added * @return true if this list changed as a result of the call */ public boolean addAll(List c); /** * Returns the mediator at the specified position * @param pos index of mediator to return * @return the mediator at the specified position in this list */ public Mediator getChild(int pos); /** * Removes the first occurrence in this list of the specified mediator * @param m mediator to be removed from this list, if present * @return true if this list contained the specified mediator */ public boolean removeChild(Mediator m); /** * Removes the mediator at the specified position in this list * @param pos the index of the mediator to remove * @return the mediator previously at the specified position */ public Mediator removeChild(int pos); /** * Return the list of mediators of this List mediator instance * @return the child/sub mediator list */ public List getList(); }

A ListMediator implementation should call super.mediate(synCtx) to process its sub mediator sequence. A FilterMediator is a ListMediator which executes its sequence of sub mediators on successful outcome of a test condition. The Mediator instance which performs filtering should implement the FilterMediator interface.

#### FilterMediator interface

package org.apache.synapse.mediators; import org.apache.synapse.MessageContext; /** * The filter mediator is a list mediator, which executes the given (sub) list of mediators * if the specified condition is satisfied * * @see FilterMediator#test(org.apache.synapse.MessageContext) */ public interface FilterMediator extends ListMediator { /** * Should return true if the sub/child mediators should execute. i.e. if the filter * condition is satisfied * @param synCtx * @return true if the configured filter condition evaluates to true */ public boolean test(MessageContext synCtx); }

## Writing custom Configuration implementations for mediators

You may write your own custom configurator for the Mediator implementation you write without relying on the Class mediator or Spring extension for its initialization. You could thus write a MediatorFactory implementation which defines how to digest a custom XML configuration element to be used to create and configure the custom mediator instance. A MediatorSerializer implementation defines how a configuration should be serialized back into an XML configuration. The custom MediatorFactory & MediatorSerializer implementations and the mediator class/es must be bundled in a JAR file conforming to the J2SE Service Provider model (See the description for Extensions below for more details and examples) and placed into the SYNAPSE_HOME/lib folder, so that the Synapse runtime could find and load the definition. Essentially this means that a custom JAR file must bundle your class implementing the Mediator interface, and the MediatorFactory implementation class and contain two text files named "org.apache.synapse.config.xml.MediatorFactory" and "org.apache.synapse.config.xml.MediatorSerializer" which will contain the fully qualified name(s) of your MediatorFactory and MediatorSerializer implementation classes. You should also place any dependency JARs into the same lib folder so that the correct classpath references could be made. The MediatorFactory interface listing is given below, which you should implement, and its getTagQName() method must define the fully qualified element of interest for custom configuration. The Synapse initialization will call back to this MediatorFactory instance through the createMediator(OMElement elem) method passing in this XML element, so that an instance of the mediator could be created utilizing the custom XML specification and returned. See the ValidateMediator and the ValidateMediatorFactory classes under modules/extensions in the Synapse source distribution for examples.

#### The MediatorFactory interface

package org.apache.synapse.config.xml; import ... /** * A mediator factory capable of creating an instance of a mediator through a given * XML should implement this interface */ public interface MediatorFactory { /** * Creates an instance of the mediator using the OMElement * @param elem * @return the created mediator */ public Mediator createMediator(OMElement elem); /** * The QName of this mediator element in the XML config * @return QName of the mediator element */ public QName getTagQName(); }

#### The MediatorSerializer interface

package org.apache.synapse.config.xml; import ... /** * Interface which should be implemented by mediator serializers. Does the * reverse of the MediatorFactory */ public interface MediatorSerializer { /** * Return the XML representation of this mediator * @param m mediator to be serialized * @param parent the OMElement to which the serialization should be attached * @return the serialized mediator XML */ public OMElement serializeMediator(OMElement parent, Mediator m); /** * Return the class name of the mediator which can be serialized * @return the class name */ public String getMediatorClassName(); }

## Configuring mediators

Mediators could access the Synapse registry to load resources and configure the local behaviour. Refer to the Spring mediator and Script mediator implementations for examples on how this could be achieved.

#### Loading of Extensions by the Synapse runtime

Synapse loads available extensions from the runtime classpath using the J2SE Service Provider model . This essentially iterates over the available JAR files, for a META-INF/services directory within each file, and looks for a text file with the name org.apache.synapse.config.xml.MediatorFactory which contains a list of fully qualified classname that implement the above interface, listing each class in a separate line. e.g. The built-in synapse-extensions.jar contains the following structure

synapse-extensions.jar /META-INF/services org.apache.synapse.config.xml.MediatorFactory org.apache.synapse.config.xml.MediatorSerializer /... the implementation classes as usual...

## Writing Synapse Observers

A Synapse observer is developed by either implementing the org.apache.synapse.config.SynapseObserver interface or by extending the org.apache.synapse.config.AbstractSynapseObserver class. A Synapse observer is notified by the Synapse configuration when new elements are added to the configuration and when existing elements are removed from the configuration. The following event handlers are available to the Synapse observer implementations.

public void sequenceAdded(Mediator sequence); public void sequenceRemoved(Mediator sequence); public void entryAdded(Entry entry); public void entryRemoved(Entry entry); public void endpointAdded(Endpoint endpoint); public void endpointRemoved(Endpoint endpoint); public void proxyServiceAdded(ProxyService proxy); public void proxyServiceRemoved(ProxyService proxy); public void startupAdded(Startup startup); public void startupRemoved(Startup startup); public void eventSourceAdded(SynapseEventSource eventSource); public void eventSourceRemoved(SynapseEventSource eventSource);

The AbstractSynapseObserver provides default implementations to all these event handlers. It simply logs any received events.

In situations where the custom code has access to the SynapseConfiguration class observers can be directly registered with the SynapseConfiguration by using the registerObserver(SynapseObserver o) method. Otherwise SynapseObserver implementations can be defined in the synapse.properties file which resides in the SYNAPSE_HOME/lib directory. The following example shows how two observers are registered with the Synapse configuration using the synapse.properties file.

synapse.observers=test.LoggingObserverImpl, test.SimpleObserverImpl

## Scheduled Tasks

A scheduled task is a custom developed piece of Java code that is scheduled in the ESB to execute periodically. A scheduled task must implement the org.apache.synapse.task.Task interface. This interface has a single 'execute' method. Once scheduled the execute method is called by Synapse periodically.

Synapse also comes with a built-in task implementation known as the MessageInjector. This task can be used to inject messages into the service bus periodically. Refer sample 300 to see how to use the MessageInjector task.