/*
 * Copyright (c) 2007-2013, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
package org.threeten.bp;

import static org.threeten.bp.LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_DAY;
import static org.threeten.bp.temporal.ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY;
import static org.threeten.bp.temporal.ChronoField.OFFSET_SECONDS;
import static org.threeten.bp.temporal.ChronoUnit.DAYS;

import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataOutput;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Objects;

import org.threeten.bp.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import org.threeten.bp.format.DateTimeFormatters;
import org.threeten.bp.format.DateTimeParseException;
import org.threeten.bp.jdk8.DefaultInterfaceTemporalAccessor;
import org.threeten.bp.jdk8.Jdk8Methods;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.ChronoField;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.ChronoUnit;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.ISOChrono;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.Temporal;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.TemporalAdder;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.TemporalAdjuster;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.TemporalAdjusters;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.TemporalField;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.TemporalQueries;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.TemporalQuery;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.TemporalSubtractor;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.TemporalUnit;
import org.threeten.bp.temporal.ValueRange;
import org.threeten.bp.zone.ZoneRules;

/**
 * A date with an offset from UTC/Greenwich in the ISO-8601 calendar system,
 * such as {@code 2007-12-03+01:00}.
 * <p>
 * {@code OffsetDate} is an immutable date-time object that represents a date, often viewed
 * as year-month-day-offset. This object can also access other date fields such as
 * day-of-year, day-of-week and week-of-year.
 * <p>
 * This class does not store or represent a time.
 * For example, the value "2nd October 2007 +02:00" can be stored
 * in an {@code OffsetDate}.
 *
 * <h3>Specification for implementors</h3>
 * This class is immutable and thread-safe.
 */
public final class OffsetDate
        extends DefaultInterfaceTemporalAccessor
        implements Temporal, TemporalAdjuster, Comparable<OffsetDate>, Serializable {

    /**
     * The minimum supported {@code OffsetDate}, '-999999999-01-01+18:00'.
     * This is the minimum local date in the maximum offset
     * (larger offsets are earlier on the time-line).
     * This combines {@link LocalDate#MIN} and {@link ZoneOffset#MAX}.
     * This could be used by an application as a "far past" date.
     */
    public static final OffsetDate MIN = LocalDate.MIN.atOffset(ZoneOffset.MAX);
    /**
     * The maximum supported {@code OffsetDate}, '+999999999-12-31-18:00'.
     * This is the maximum local date in the minimum offset
     * (larger negative offsets are later on the time-line).
     * This combines {@link LocalDate#MAX} and {@link ZoneOffset#MIN}.
     * This could be used by an application as a "far future" date.
     */
    public static final OffsetDate MAX = LocalDate.MAX.atOffset(ZoneOffset.MIN);

    /**
     * Serialization version.
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4382054179074397774L;

    /**
     * The local date.
     */
    private final LocalDate date;
    /**
     * The offset from UTC/Greenwich.
     */
    private final ZoneOffset offset;

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Obtains the current date from the system clock in the default time-zone.
     * <p>
     * This will query the {@link Clock#systemDefaultZone() system clock} in the default
     * time-zone to obtain the current date.
     * The offset will be calculated from the time-zone in the clock.
     * <p>
     * Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing
     * because the clock is hard-coded.
     *
     * @return the current date using the system clock, not null
     */
    public static OffsetDate now() {
        return now(Clock.systemDefaultZone());
    }

    /**
     * Obtains the current date from the system clock in the specified time-zone.
     * <p>
     * This will query the {@link Clock#system(ZoneId) system clock} to obtain the current date.
     * Specifying the time-zone avoids dependence on the default time-zone.
     * The offset will be calculated from the specified time-zone.
     * <p>
     * Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing
     * because the clock is hard-coded.
     *
     * @param zone  the zone ID to use, not null
     * @return the current date using the system clock, not null
     */
    public static OffsetDate now(ZoneId zone) {
        return now(Clock.system(zone));
    }

    /**
     * Obtains the current date from the specified clock.
     * <p>
     * This will query the specified clock to obtain the current date - today.
     * The offset will be calculated from the time-zone in the clock.
     * <p>
     * Using this method allows the use of an alternate clock for testing.
     * The alternate clock may be introduced using {@link Clock dependency injection}.
     *
     * @param clock  the clock to use, not null
     * @return the current date, not null
     */
    public static OffsetDate now(Clock clock) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(clock, "clock");
        final Instant now = clock.instant();  // called once
        return ofInstant(now, clock.getZone().getRules().getOffset(now));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code OffsetDate} from a local date and an offset.
     *
     * @param date  the local date, not null
     * @param offset  the zone offset, not null
     * @return the offset date, not null
     */
    public static OffsetDate of(LocalDate date, ZoneOffset offset) {
        return new OffsetDate(date, offset);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code OffsetDate} from an {@code Instant} and zone ID.
     * <p>
     * This creates an offset date with the same instant as midnight at the
     * start of day of the instant specified.
     * Finding the offset from UTC/Greenwich is simple as there is only one valid
     * offset for each instant.
     *
     * @param instant  the instant to create the time from, not null
     * @param zone  the time-zone, which may be an offset, not null
     * @return the offset time, not null
     */
    public static OffsetDate ofInstant(Instant instant, ZoneId zone) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(instant, "instant");
        Objects.requireNonNull(zone, "zone");
        ZoneRules rules = zone.getRules();
        ZoneOffset offset = rules.getOffset(instant);
        long epochSec = instant.getEpochSecond() + offset.getTotalSeconds();  // overflow caught later
        long epochDay = Jdk8Methods.floorDiv(epochSec, SECONDS_PER_DAY);
        LocalDate date = LocalDate.ofEpochDay(epochDay);
        return new OffsetDate(date, offset);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code OffsetDate} from a temporal object.
     * <p>
     * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents some form of date and time information.
     * This factory converts the arbitrary temporal object to an instance of {@code OffsetDate}.
     * <p>
     * The conversion extracts and combines {@code LocalDate} and {@code ZoneOffset}.
     * <p>
     * This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}
     * allowing it to be used in queries via method reference, {@code OffsetDate::from}.
     *
     * @param temporal  the temporal object to convert, not null
     * @return the offset date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to an {@code OffsetDate}
     */
    public static OffsetDate from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
        if (temporal instanceof OffsetDate) {
            return (OffsetDate) temporal;
        }
        try {
            LocalDate date = LocalDate.from(temporal);
            ZoneOffset offset = ZoneOffset.from(temporal);
            return new OffsetDate(date, offset);
        } catch (DateTimeException ex) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain OffsetDate from TemporalAccessor: " + temporal.getClass(), ex);
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code OffsetDate} from a text string such as {@code 2007-12-03+01:00}.
     * <p>
     * The string must represent a valid date and is parsed using
     * {@link org.threeten.bp.format.DateTimeFormatters#isoOffsetDate()}.
     *
     * @param text  the text to parse such as "2007-12-03+01:00", not null
     * @return the parsed offset date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeParseException if the text cannot be parsed
     */
    public static OffsetDate parse(CharSequence text) {
        return parse(text, DateTimeFormatters.isoOffsetDate());
    }

    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code OffsetDate} from a text string using a specific formatter.
     * <p>
     * The text is parsed using the formatter, returning a date.
     *
     * @param text  the text to parse, not null
     * @param formatter  the formatter to use, not null
     * @return the parsed offset date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeParseException if the text cannot be parsed
     */
    public static OffsetDate parse(CharSequence text, DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(formatter, "formatter");
        return formatter.parse(text, OffsetDate.class);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param date  the local date, not null
     * @param offset  the zone offset, not null
     */
    private OffsetDate(LocalDate date, ZoneOffset offset) {
        this.date = Objects.requireNonNull(date, "date");
        this.offset = Objects.requireNonNull(offset, "offset");
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new date based on this one, returning {@code this} where possible.
     *
     * @param date  the date to create with, not null
     * @param offset  the zone offset to create with, not null
     */
    private OffsetDate with(LocalDate date, ZoneOffset offset) {
        if (this.date == date && this.offset.equals(offset)) {
            return this;
        }
        return new OffsetDate(date, offset);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Checks if the specified field is supported.
     * <p>
     * This checks if this date can be queried for the specified field.
     * If false, then calling the {@link #range(TemporalField) range} and
     * {@link #get(TemporalField) get} methods will throw an exception.
     * <p>
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
     * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid
     * values based on this date-time.
     * The supported fields are:
     * <ul>
     * <li>{@code DAY_OF_WEEK}
     * <li>{@code ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH}
     * <li>{@code ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR}
     * <li>{@code DAY_OF_MONTH}
     * <li>{@code DAY_OF_YEAR}
     * <li>{@code EPOCH_DAY}
     * <li>{@code ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH}
     * <li>{@code ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR}
     * <li>{@code MONTH_OF_YEAR}
     * <li>{@code EPOCH_MONTH}
     * <li>{@code YEAR_OF_ERA}
     * <li>{@code YEAR}
     * <li>{@code ERA}
     * <li>{@code OFFSET_SECONDS}
     * </ul>
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will return false.
     * <p>
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.doIsSupported(TemporalAccessor)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument.
     * Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.
     *
     * @param field  the field to check, null returns false
     * @return true if the field is supported on this date, false if not
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isSupported(TemporalField field) {
        if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
            return ((ChronoField) field).isDateField() || field == OFFSET_SECONDS;
        }
        return field != null && field.doIsSupported(this);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.
     * <p>
     * The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field.
     * This date is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range.
     * If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported
     * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * <p>
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
     * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return
     * appropriate range instances.
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw a {@code DateTimeException}.
     * <p>
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.doRange(TemporalAccessor)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument.
     * Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field.
     *
     * @param field  the field to query the range for, not null
     * @return the range of valid values for the field, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the range for the field cannot be obtained
     */
    @Override
    public ValueRange range(TemporalField field) {
        if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
            if (field == OFFSET_SECONDS) {
                return field.range();
            }
            return date.range(field);
        }
        return field.doRange(this);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of the specified field from this date as an {@code int}.
     * <p>
     * This queries this date for the value for the specified field.
     * The returned value will always be within the valid range of values for the field.
     * If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
     * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * <p>
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
     * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid
     * values based on this date, except {@code EPOCH_DAY} and {@code EPOCH_MONTH}
     * which are too large to fit in an {@code int} and throw a {@code DateTimeException}.
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw a {@code DateTimeException}.
     * <p>
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.doGet(TemporalAccessor)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
     * and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
     *
     * @param field  the field to get, not null
     * @return the value for the field
     * @throws DateTimeException if a value for the field cannot be obtained
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    @Override  // override for Javadoc
    public int get(TemporalField field) {
        return super.get(field);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of the specified field from this date as a {@code long}.
     * <p>
     * This queries this date for the value for the specified field.
     * If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
     * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * <p>
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
     * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid
     * values based on this date.
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw a {@code DateTimeException}.
     * <p>
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.doGet(TemporalAccessor)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
     * and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
     *
     * @param field  the field to get, not null
     * @return the value for the field
     * @throws DateTimeException if a value for the field cannot be obtained
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    @Override
    public long getLong(TemporalField field) {
        if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
            if (field == OFFSET_SECONDS) {
                return getOffset().getTotalSeconds();
            }
            return date.getLong(field);
        }
        return field.doGet(this);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets the zone offset, such as '+01:00'.
     * <p>
     * This is the offset of the local date from UTC/Greenwich.
     *
     * @return the zone offset, not null
     */
    public ZoneOffset getOffset() {
        return offset;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the specified offset.
     * <p>
     * This method returns an object with the same {@code LocalDate} and the specified {@code ZoneOffset}.
     * No calculation is needed or performed.
     * For example, if this time represents {@code 2007-12-03+02:00} and the offset specified is
     * {@code +03:00}, then this method will return {@code 2007-12-03+03:00}.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param offset  the zone offset to change to, not null
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the requested offset, not null
     */
    public OffsetDate withOffset(ZoneOffset offset) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(offset, "offset");
        return with(date, offset);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets the {@code LocalDate} part of this date-time.
     * <p>
     * This returns a {@code LocalDate} with the same year, month and day
     * as this date-time.
     *
     * @return the date part of this date-time, not null
     */
    public LocalDate getDate() {
        return date;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets the year field.
     * <p>
     * This method returns the primitive {@code int} value for the year.
     * <p>
     * The year returned by this method is proleptic as per {@code get(YEAR)}.
     * To obtain the year-of-era, use {@code get(YEAR_OF_ERA}.
     *
     * @return the year, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
     */
    public int getYear() {
        return date.getYear();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the month-of-year field from 1 to 12.
     * <p>
     * This method returns the month as an {@code int} from 1 to 12.
     * Application code is frequently clearer if the enum {@link Month}
     * is used by calling {@link #getMonth()}.
     *
     * @return the month-of-year, from 1 to 12
     * @see #getMonth()
     */
    public int getMonthValue() {
        return date.getMonthValue();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the month-of-year field using the {@code Month} enum.
     * <p>
     * This method returns the enum {@link Month} for the month.
     * This avoids confusion as to what {@code int} values mean.
     * If you need access to the primitive {@code int} value then the enum
     * provides the {@link Month#getValue() int value}.
     *
     * @return the month-of-year, not null
     * @see #getMonthValue()
     */
    public Month getMonth() {
        return date.getMonth();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the day-of-month field.
     * <p>
     * This method returns the primitive {@code int} value for the day-of-month.
     *
     * @return the day-of-month, from 1 to 31
     */
    public int getDayOfMonth() {
        return date.getDayOfMonth();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the day-of-year field.
     * <p>
     * This method returns the primitive {@code int} value for the day-of-year.
     *
     * @return the day-of-year, from 1 to 365, or 366 in a leap year
     */
    public int getDayOfYear() {
        return date.getDayOfYear();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the day-of-week field, which is an enum {@code DayOfWeek}.
     * <p>
     * This method returns the enum {@link DayOfWeek} for the day-of-week.
     * This avoids confusion as to what {@code int} values mean.
     * If you need access to the primitive {@code int} value then the enum
     * provides the {@link DayOfWeek#getValue() int value}.
     * <p>
     * Additional information can be obtained from the {@code DayOfWeek}.
     * This includes textual names of the values.
     *
     * @return the day-of-week, not null
     */
    public DayOfWeek getDayOfWeek() {
        return date.getDayOfWeek();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns an adjusted copy of this date.
     * <p>
     * This returns a new {@code OffsetDate}, based on this one, with the date adjusted.
     * The adjustment takes place using the specified adjuster strategy object.
     * Read the documentation of the adjuster to understand what adjustment will be made.
     * <p>
     * A simple adjuster might simply set the one of the fields, such as the year field.
     * A more complex adjuster might set the date to the last day of the month.
     * A selection of common adjustments is provided in {@link TemporalAdjusters}.
     * These include finding the "last day of the month" and "next Wednesday".
     * Key date-time classes also implement the {@code TemporalAdjuster} interface,
     * such as {@link Month} and {@link MonthDay MonthDay}.
     * The adjuster is responsible for handling special cases, such as the varying
     * lengths of month and leap years.
     * <p>
     * For example this code returns a date on the last day of July:
     * <pre>
     *  import static org.threeten.bp.Month.*;
     *  import static org.threeten.bp.temporal.Adjusters.*;
     *
     *  result = offsetDate.with(JULY).with(lastDayOfMonth());
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * The classes {@link LocalDate} and {@link ZoneOffset} implement {@code TemporalAdjuster},
     * thus this method can be used to change the date or offset:
     * <pre>
     *  result = offsetDate.with(date);
     *  result = offsetDate.with(offset);
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
     * {@link TemporalAdjuster#adjustInto(Temporal)} method on the
     * specified adjuster passing {@code this} as the argument.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param adjuster the adjuster to use, not null
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on {@code this} with the adjustment made, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the adjustment cannot be made
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    @Override
    public OffsetDate with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster) {
        // optimizations
        if (adjuster instanceof LocalDate) {
            return with((LocalDate) adjuster, offset);
        } else if (adjuster instanceof ZoneOffset) {
            return with(date, (ZoneOffset) adjuster);
        } else if (adjuster instanceof OffsetDate) {
            return (OffsetDate) adjuster;
        }
        return (OffsetDate) adjuster.adjustInto(this);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified field set to a new value.
     * <p>
     * This returns a new {@code OffsetDate}, based on this one, with the value
     * for the specified field changed.
     * This can be used to change any supported field, such as the year, month or day-of-month.
     * If it is not possible to set the value, because the field is not supported or for
     * some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * <p>
     * In some cases, changing the specified field can cause the resulting date to become invalid,
     * such as changing the month from 31st January to February would make the day-of-month invalid.
     * In cases like this, the field is responsible for resolving the date. Typically it will choose
     * the previous valid date, which would be the last valid day of February in this example.
     * <p>
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the adjustment is implemented here.
     * <p>
     * The {@code OFFSET_SECONDS} field will return a date with the specified offset.
     * The local date is unaltered. If the new offset value is outside the valid range
     * then a {@code DateTimeException} will be thrown.
     * <p>
     * The other {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will behave as per
     * the matching method on {@link LocalDate#with(TemporalField, long)} LocalDate}.
     * In this case, the offset is not part of the calculation and will be unchanged.
     * <p>
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw a {@code DateTimeException}.
     * <p>
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.doWith(Temporal, long)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument. In this case, the field determines
     * whether and how to adjust the instant.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param field  the field to set in the result, not null
     * @param newValue  the new value of the field in the result
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on {@code this} with the specified field set, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the field cannot be set
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    @Override
    public OffsetDate with(TemporalField field, long newValue) {
        if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
            if (field == OFFSET_SECONDS) {
                ChronoField f = (ChronoField) field;
                return with(date, ZoneOffset.ofTotalSeconds(f.checkValidIntValue(newValue)));
            }
            return with(date.with(field, newValue), offset);
        }
        return field.doWith(this, newValue);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the year altered.
     * The offset does not affect the calculation and will be the same in the result.
     * If the day-of-month is invalid for the year, it will be changed to the last valid day of the month.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param year  the year to set in the result, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the requested year, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the year value is invalid
     */
    public OffsetDate withYear(int year) {
        return with(date.withYear(year), offset);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the month-of-year altered.
     * The offset does not affect the calculation and will be the same in the result.
     * If the day-of-month is invalid for the year, it will be changed to the last valid day of the month.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param month  the month-of-year to set in the result, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the requested month, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the month-of-year value is invalid
     */
    public OffsetDate withMonth(int month) {
        return with(date.withMonth(month), offset);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the day-of-month altered.
     * If the resulting date is invalid, an exception is thrown.
     * The offset does not affect the calculation and will be the same in the result.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month to set in the result, from 1 to 28-31
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the requested day, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the day-of-month value is invalid
     * @throws DateTimeException if the day-of-month is invalid for the month-year
     */
    public OffsetDate withDayOfMonth(int dayOfMonth) {
        return with(date.withDayOfMonth(dayOfMonth), offset);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the day-of-year altered.
     * If the resulting date is invalid, an exception is thrown.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param dayOfYear  the day-of-year to set in the result, from 1 to 365-366
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the requested day, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the day-of-year value is invalid
     * @throws DateTimeException if the day-of-year is invalid for the year
     */
    public OffsetDate withDayOfYear(int dayOfYear) {
        return with(date.withDayOfYear(dayOfYear), offset);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period added.
     * <p>
     * This method returns a new date based on this date with the specified period added.
     * The adder is typically {@link Period} but may be any other type implementing
     * the {@link TemporalAdder} interface.
     * The calculation is delegated to the specified adjuster, which typically calls
     * back to {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)}.
     * The offset is not part of the calculation and will be unchanged in the result.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param adder  the adder to use, not null
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the addition made, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the addition cannot be made
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    @Override
    public OffsetDate plus(TemporalAdder adder) {
        return (OffsetDate) adder.addTo(this);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period added.
     * <p>
     * This method returns a new date based on this date with the specified period added.
     * This can be used to add any period that is defined by a unit, for example to add years, months or days.
     * The unit is responsible for the details of the calculation, including the resolution
     * of any edge cases in the calculation.
     * The offset is not part of the calculation and will be unchanged in the result.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param amountToAdd  the amount of the unit to add to the result, may be negative
     * @param unit  the unit of the period to add, not null
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the specified period added, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the unit cannot be added to this type
     */
    @Override
    public OffsetDate plus(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit) {
        if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
            return with(date.plus(amountToAdd, unit), offset);
        }
        return unit.doPlus(this, amountToAdd);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the specified period in years added.
     * <p>
     * This method adds the specified amount to the years field in three steps:
     * <ol>
     * <li>Add the input years to the year field</li>
     * <li>Check if the resulting date would be invalid</li>
     * <li>Adjust the day-of-month to the last valid day if necessary</li>
     * </ol>
     * <p>
     * For example, 2008-02-29 (leap year) plus one year would result in the
     * invalid date 2009-02-29 (standard year). Instead of returning an invalid
     * result, the last valid day of the month, 2009-02-28, is selected instead.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param years  the years to add, may be negative
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the years added, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public OffsetDate plusYears(long years) {
        return with(date.plusYears(years), offset);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the specified period in months added.
     * <p>
     * This method adds the specified amount to the months field in three steps:
     * <ol>
     * <li>Add the input months to the month-of-year field</li>
     * <li>Check if the resulting date would be invalid</li>
     * <li>Adjust the day-of-month to the last valid day if necessary</li>
     * </ol>
     * <p>
     * For example, 2007-03-31 plus one month would result in the invalid date
     * 2007-04-31. Instead of returning an invalid result, the last valid day
     * of the month, 2007-04-30, is selected instead.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param months  the months to add, may be negative
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the months added, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public OffsetDate plusMonths(long months) {
        return with(date.plusMonths(months), offset);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the specified period in weeks added.
     * <p>
     * This method adds the specified amount in weeks to the days field incrementing
     * the month and year fields as necessary to ensure the result remains valid.
     * The result is only invalid if the maximum/minimum year is exceeded.
     * <p>
     * For example, 2008-12-31 plus one week would result in 2009-01-07.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param weeks  the weeks to add, may be negative
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the weeks added, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public OffsetDate plusWeeks(long weeks) {
        return with(date.plusWeeks(weeks), offset);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the specified period in days added.
     * <p>
     * This method adds the specified amount to the days field incrementing the
     * month and year fields as necessary to ensure the result remains valid.
     * The result is only invalid if the maximum/minimum year is exceeded.
     * <p>
     * For example, 2008-12-31 plus one day would result in 2009-01-01.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param days  the days to add, may be negative
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the days added, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public OffsetDate plusDays(long days) {
        return with(date.plusDays(days), offset);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period subtracted.
     * <p>
     * This method returns a new date based on this date with the specified period subtracted.
     * The subtractor is typically {@link Period} but may be any other type implementing
     * the {@link TemporalSubtractor} interface.
     * The calculation is delegated to the specified adjuster, which typically calls
     * back to {@link #minus(long, TemporalUnit)}.
     * The offset is not part of the calculation and will be unchanged in the result.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param subtractor  the subtractor to use, not null
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the subtraction made, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the subtraction cannot be made
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    @Override
    public OffsetDate minus(TemporalSubtractor subtractor) {
        return (OffsetDate) subtractor.subtractFrom(this);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified period subtracted.
     * <p>
     * This method returns a new date based on this date with the specified period subtracted.
     * This can be used to subtract any period that is defined by a unit, for example to subtract years, months or days.
     * The unit is responsible for the details of the calculation, including the resolution
     * of any edge cases in the calculation.
     * The offset is not part of the calculation and will be unchanged in the result.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param amountToSubtract  the amount of the unit to subtract from the result, may be negative
     * @param unit  the unit of the period to subtract, not null
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the specified period subtracted, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the unit cannot be added to this type
     */
    @Override
    public OffsetDate minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit) {
        return (amountToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plus(Long.MAX_VALUE, unit).plus(1, unit) : plus(-amountToSubtract, unit));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the specified period in years subtracted.
     * <p>
     * This method subtracts the specified amount from the years field in three steps:
     * <ol>
     * <li>Subtract the input years to the year field</li>
     * <li>Check if the resulting date would be invalid</li>
     * <li>Adjust the day-of-month to the last valid day if necessary</li>
     * </ol>
     * <p>
     * For example, 2008-02-29 (leap year) minus one year would result in the
     * invalid date 2007-02-29 (standard year). Instead of returning an invalid
     * result, the last valid day of the month, 2007-02-28, is selected instead.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param years  the years to subtract, may be negative
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the years subtracted, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public OffsetDate minusYears(long years) {
        return with(date.minusYears(years), offset);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the specified period in months subtracted.
     * <p>
     * This method subtracts the specified amount from the months field in three steps:
     * <ol>
     * <li>Subtract the input months to the month-of-year field</li>
     * <li>Check if the resulting date would be invalid</li>
     * <li>Adjust the day-of-month to the last valid day if necessary</li>
     * </ol>
     * <p>
     * For example, 2007-03-31 minus one month would result in the invalid date
     * 2007-02-31. Instead of returning an invalid result, the last valid day
     * of the month, 2007-02-28, is selected instead.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param months  the months to subtract, may be negative
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the months subtracted, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public OffsetDate minusMonths(long months) {
        return with(date.minusMonths(months), offset);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the specified period in weeks subtracted.
     * <p>
     * This method subtracts the specified amount in weeks from the days field decrementing
     * the month and year fields as necessary to ensure the result remains valid.
     * The result is only invalid if the maximum/minimum year is exceeded.
     * <p>
     * For example, 2009-01-07 minus one week would result in 2008-12-31.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param weeks  the weeks to subtract, may be negative
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the weeks subtracted, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public OffsetDate minusWeeks(long weeks) {
        return with(date.minusWeeks(weeks), offset);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code OffsetDate} with the specified number of days subtracted.
     * <p>
     * This method subtracts the specified amount from the days field decrementing the
     * month and year fields as necessary to ensure the result remains valid.
     * The result is only invalid if the maximum/minimum year is exceeded.
     * <p>
     * For example, 2009-01-01 minus one day would result in 2008-12-31.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param days  the days to subtract, may be negative
     * @return an {@code OffsetDate} based on this date with the days subtracted, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public OffsetDate minusDays(long days) {
        return with(date.minusDays(days), offset);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Queries this date using the specified query.
     * <p>
     * This queries this date using the specified query strategy object.
     * The {@code TemporalQuery} object defines the logic to be used to
     * obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand
     * what the result of this method will be.
     * <p>
     * The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
     * {@link TemporalQuery#queryFrom(TemporalAccessor)} method on the
     * specified query passing {@code this} as the argument.
     *
     * @param <R> the type of the result
     * @param query  the query to invoke, not null
     * @return the query result, null may be returned (defined by the query)
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to query (defined by the query)
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs (defined by the query)
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public <R> R query(TemporalQuery<R> query) {
        if (query == TemporalQueries.chrono()) {
            return (R) ISOChrono.INSTANCE;
        } else if (query == TemporalQueries.precision()) {
            return (R) DAYS;
        } else if (query == TemporalQueries.offset() || query == TemporalQueries.zone()) {
            return (R) getOffset();
        }
        return super.query(query);
    }

    /**
     * Adjusts the specified temporal object to have the same offset and date
     * as this object.
     * <p>
     * This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
     * with the offset and date changed to be the same as this.
     * <p>
     * The adjustment is equivalent to using {@link Temporal#with(TemporalField, long)}
     * twice, passing {@link ChronoField#OFFSET_SECONDS} and
     * {@link ChronoField#EPOCH_DAY} as the fields.
     * <p>
     * In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
     * {@link Temporal#with(TemporalAdjuster)}:
     * <pre>
     *   // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
     *   temporal = thisOffsetDate.adjustInto(temporal);
     *   temporal = temporal.with(thisOffsetDate);
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param temporal  the target object to be adjusted, not null
     * @return the adjusted object, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to make the adjustment
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    @Override
    public Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal) {
        return temporal
                .with(OFFSET_SECONDS, getOffset().getTotalSeconds())
                .with(EPOCH_DAY, getDate().toEpochDay());
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the period between this date and another date in
     * terms of the specified unit.
     * <p>
     * This calculates the period between two dates in terms of a single unit.
     * The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified date.
     * The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
     * For example, the period in days between two dates can be calculated
     * using {@code startDate.periodUntil(endDate, DAYS)}.
     * <p>
     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method must be an {@code OffsetDate}.
     * If the offset differs between the two times, then the specified
     * end time is normalized to have the same offset as this time.
     * <p>
     * The calculation returns a whole number, representing the number of
     * complete units between the two dates.
     * For example, the period in months between 2012-06-15Z and 2012-08-14Z
     * will only be one month as it is one day short of two months.
     * <p>
     * This method operates in association with {@link TemporalUnit#between}.
     * The result of this method is a {@code long} representing the amount of
     * the specified unit. By contrast, the result of {@code between} is an
     * object that can be used directly in addition/subtraction:
     * <pre>
     *   long period = start.periodUntil(end, MONTHS);   // this method
     *   dateTime.plus(MONTHS.between(start, end));      // use in plus/minus
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * The calculation is implemented in this method for {@link ChronoUnit}.
     * The units {@code DAYS}, {@code WEEKS}, {@code MONTHS}, {@code YEARS},
     * {@code DECADES}, {@code CENTURIES}, {@code MILLENNIA} and {@code ERAS}
     * are supported. Other {@code ChronoUnit} values will throw an exception.
     * <p>
     * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the input temporal as
     * the second argument.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param endDate  the end date, which must be an {@code OffsetDate}, not null
     * @param unit  the unit to measure the period in, not null
     * @return the amount of the period between this date and the end date
     * @throws DateTimeException if the period cannot be calculated
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    @Override
    public long periodUntil(Temporal endDate, TemporalUnit unit) {
        if (endDate instanceof OffsetDate == false) {
            Objects.requireNonNull(endDate, "endDate");
            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to calculate period between objects of two different types");
        }
        if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
            OffsetDate end = (OffsetDate) endDate;
            long offsetDiff = end.offset.getTotalSeconds() - offset.getTotalSeconds();
            LocalDate endLocal = end.date.plusDays(Jdk8Methods.floorDiv(-offsetDiff, SECONDS_PER_DAY));
            return date.periodUntil(endLocal, unit);
        }
        return unit.between(this, endDate).getAmount();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns an offset date-time formed from this date at the specified time.
     * <p>
     * This combines this date with the specified time to form an {@code OffsetDateTime}.
     * All possible combinations of date and time are valid.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param time  the time to combine with, not null
     * @return the offset date-time formed from this date and the specified time, not null
     */
    public OffsetDateTime atTime(LocalTime time) {
        return OffsetDateTime.of(date, time, offset);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Converts this date to midnight at the start of day in epoch seconds.
     *
     * @return the epoch seconds value
     */
    private long toEpochSecond() {
        long epochDay = date.toEpochDay();
        long secs = epochDay * SECONDS_PER_DAY;
        return secs - offset.getTotalSeconds();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Compares this {@code OffsetDate} to another date.
     * <p>
     * The comparison is based first on the UTC equivalent instant, then on the local date.
     * It is "consistent with equals", as defined by {@link Comparable}.
     * <p>
     * For example, the following is the comparator order:
     * <ol>
     * <li>2008-06-29-11:00</li>
     * <li>2008-06-29-12:00</li>
     * <li>2008-06-30+12:00</li>
     * <li>2008-06-29-13:00</li>
     * </ol>
     * Values #2 and #3 represent the same instant on the time-line.
     * When two values represent the same instant, the local date is compared
     * to distinguish them. This step is needed to make the ordering
     * consistent with {@code equals()}.
     * <p>
     * To compare the underlying local date of two {@code TemporalAccessor} instances,
     * use {@link ChronoField#EPOCH_DAY} as a comparator.
     *
     * @param other  the other date to compare to, not null
     * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
     */
    @Override
    public int compareTo(OffsetDate other) {
        if (offset.equals(other.offset)) {
            return date.compareTo(other.date);
        }
        int compare = Long.compare(toEpochSecond(), other.toEpochSecond());
        if (compare == 0) {
            compare = date.compareTo(other.date);
        }
        return compare;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Checks if the instant of midnight at the start of this {@code OffsetDate}
     * is after midnight at the start of the specified date.
     * <p>
     * This method differs from the comparison in {@link #compareTo} in that it
     * only compares the instant of the date. This is equivalent to using
     * {@code date1.toEpochSecond().isAfter(date2.toEpochSecond())}.
     *
     * @param other  the other date to compare to, not null
     * @return true if this is after the instant of the specified date
     */
    public boolean isAfter(OffsetDate other) {
        return toEpochSecond() > other.toEpochSecond();
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the instant of midnight at the start of this {@code OffsetDate}
     * is before midnight at the start of the specified date.
     * <p>
     * This method differs from the comparison in {@link #compareTo} in that it
     * only compares the instant of the date. This is equivalent to using
     * {@code date1.toEpochSecond().isBefore(date2.toEpochSecond())}.
     *
     * @param other  the other date to compare to, not null
     * @return true if this is before the instant of the specified date
     */
    public boolean isBefore(OffsetDate other) {
        return toEpochSecond() < other.toEpochSecond();
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the instant of midnight at the start of this {@code OffsetDate}
     * equals midnight at the start of the specified date.
     * <p>
     * This method differs from the comparison in {@link #compareTo} and {@link #equals}
     * in that it only compares the instant of the date. This is equivalent to using
     * {@code date1.toEpochSecond().equals(date2.toEpochSecond())}.
     *
     * @param other  the other date to compare to, not null
     * @return true if the instant equals the instant of the specified date
     */
    public boolean isEqual(OffsetDate other) {
        return toEpochSecond() == other.toEpochSecond();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Checks if this date is equal to another date.
     * <p>
     * The comparison is based on the local-date and the offset.
     * To compare for the same instant on the time-line, use {@link #isEqual(OffsetDate)}.
     * <p>
     * Only objects of type {@code OffsetDate} are compared, other types return false.
     * To compare the underlying local date of two {@code TemporalAccessor} instances,
     * use {@link ChronoField#EPOCH_DAY} as a comparator.
     *
     * @param obj  the object to check, null returns false
     * @return true if this is equal to the other date
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }
        if (obj instanceof OffsetDate) {
            OffsetDate other = (OffsetDate) obj;
            return date.equals(other.date) && offset.equals(other.offset);
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * A hash code for this date.
     *
     * @return a suitable hash code
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return date.hashCode() ^ offset.hashCode();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Outputs this date as a {@code String}, such as {@code 2007-12-03+01:00}.
     * <p>
     * The output will be in the ISO-8601 format {@code yyyy-MM-ddXXXXX}.
     *
     * @return a string representation of this date, not null
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return date.toString() + offset.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Outputs this date as a {@code String} using the formatter.
     * <p>
     * This date will be passed to the formatter
     * {@link DateTimeFormatter#print(TemporalAccessor) print method}.
     *
     * @param formatter  the formatter to use, not null
     * @return the formatted date string, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if an error occurs during printing
     */
    public String toString(DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(formatter, "formatter");
        return formatter.print(this);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    private Object writeReplace() {
        return new Ser(Ser.OFFSET_DATE_TYPE, this);
    }

    /**
     * Defend against malicious streams.
     * @return never
     * @throws InvalidObjectException always
     */
    private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
    }

    void writeExternal(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
        date.writeExternal(out);
        offset.writeExternal(out);
    }

    static OffsetDate readExternal(DataInput in) throws IOException {
        LocalDate date = LocalDate.readExternal(in);
        ZoneOffset offset = ZoneOffset.readExternal(in);
        return OffsetDate.of(date, offset);
    }

}